Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: Clues for radiologists to perform a correct diagnosis.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an uncommon high-grade primary epithelial ovarian cancer, covering about 10-12 % of all ovarian malignancies. It has a strong association with endometriosis. OCCC diagnosis, at advanced stages, has an aggressive biological behaviour, and the therapeutic strategies for ovarian OCCC are somehow different from other ovarian carcinomas. Therefore, early diagnosis of these tumours is of extreme importance. As some ovarian tumours subtypes have distinguishing features, it is possible to differentiate them based on their imaging characteristics, which can guide patient management and help the clinicians and pathologists in their diagnosis. A large mass on one side of the ovary that is mostly cystic, with a focal or multifocal irregular eccentric growing solid mural nodules or projections protruding into the cystic space, may suggest clear cell carcinoma of the ovary diagnosis. The solid nodules usually have an intermediate signal on T2-weighted images. The cystic component can be either single or multilocular, and the contents may contain protein or blood. CT scanning is still the preferred method for preoperative staging and postoperative restaging, and radiologists are crucial in identifying this type of tumour. We reviewed the imaging files of patients with surgically proven clear cell carcinoma at the specimens, and our findings agree with previous studies. This paper aims to perform a comprehensive revision of OCCC's radiological and clinic-pathological features and assist radiologists in recognizing OCCC and narrowing down the possibilities of differential diagnosis.

Incidental gossypiboma on contrast enema study.

This is a case report of a 50-year-old woman with HIV/HCV coinfection who was diagnosed with an HPV-related well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. After undergoing modified radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, the patient developed a rectovaginal fistula and a diverting colostomy was placed. During a postoperative contrast enema study, a curvilinear hyperdense stripe was noted, representing the radiodense marker thread of a retained surgical sponge. This case report highlights the importance of awareness of this retained surgical item and its associated possible complications, as well as the importance of imaging modalities for diagnosis.

Gastric ectopic pancreas in magnetic resonance imaging: A review of 2 cases.

Gastric ectopic pancreas (EP) is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which pancreatic tissue with no anatomic connection to the main pancreas is found in the stomach. Gastric EP is often discovered incidentally when a nonspecific submucosal tumor is found in endoscopic studies or other imaging examinations. Tissue characterization by biopsy or fine-needle aspiration is required as endoscopic findings alone cannot exclude malignancy. The authors present 2 cases of gastric EP incidentally detected on endoscopy, which underwent further characterization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In both cases, MRI showed submucosal gastric lesions, isointense to the orthotopic pancreas in all sequences, including hyperintensity on T1-weighted images. Furthermore, the lesions showed bright arterial phase enhancement, paralleling the native pancreas. MRI may provide the best non-invasive imaging method for evaluating gastric submucosal lesions. This report intends to show that EP shows a characteristic MR appearance that allows differentiation from other submucosal lesions.